Budget Cuts And Its Effects On Society - 860 Words

Imagine world that is bland, along with its individuals all the selfsame. In result of the reprehension of creative courses in academia. That previously mentioned world would soon become an actuality. When budget cuts were accruing in my school district; I remembered my fine arts teachers were petrified that not only their department would cease to exist but they would no longer have an occupation. There is a constant reminder of how paramount the sciences and mathematics are; but the fine arts such as music, ceramics, art, and all the other courses that allow creative freedom are important as well. As in consequence of our troubling economy, budget cuts were inevitable. In the year 2008, more than eighty percent of schools nationwide had received budget cuts. Music and theater classes were cut to the full extent along with some art programs. Within the late 90s and early 2000s schools had theatre and dance classes available, ranging in the twenty percentile. Currently, that percent has dropped drastically to two percent. These are just brief statistics on the outcome of budget cuts and how quickly the outcome is the demise of the fine arts in schools nationwide. A student who does not enjoy the fundamental classes might not find interest in going to school. The innovated minds that find tranquility in a music class or rather a basic art class is more likely to look forward to attending school the next day. Fine arts enhance the mind. It enhances what is already there orShow MoreRelatedBudget Cuts are Destroying Music Education: Music Programs are Essential to Education1082 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history music has played an important role in society, whether it was Mozart moving people with his newest opera or the latest album from the Beatles. Where would society be today without music? With schools cutting their music programs, the next Mozart may not get his chance to discover his amazing talent. Music programs are essential to education. To fully understand this one must understand how music helps the human body, why schools have cut music programs, and why people should learn musicRead MoreEducational Budget Cuts: Denying St udents the Opportunity for Potential1599 Words   |  7 Pagesbest education possible just to balance the budget? The forthcoming of Pennsylvania relies on the education of the younger generations. Only time can tell whether adolescents, currently being educated, can maintain the high level of learning with the barriers they are going to encounter with the proposed budget. For a positive future in Pennsylvania, the youth must be educated intelligently and properly. Proposed Pennsylvania state educational budget cuts will deny students the opportunity to developRead MoreBudget Cuts Should Not Be A Strategy For Economic Growth1305 Words   |  6 PagesCuts in government spending as a strategy for economic growth have become accepted as have tax cuts on the top income earners in keeping with President Reagan, who cut top marginal tax rates in the 1980s from 70 percent to 28 percent. In a way quaint, both strategies have been perceived as the appropriate solution for economic growth. Such cuts, though, have differential impacts on their targets. It is believed that cuts in top marginal tax rates reward success, while the cuts in spending punishRead MoreKarl Marxs Conflict Theory796 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Current Events Conflict Theory The conflict theory based on the writings of Karl Marx emphasizes that inequality exists in society because  ¦those in control of a disproportionate share of societys resources go to great lengths to defend what they have accumulated (Crossman, 2013). Marx posited that the masses in society are not linked together because of shared values in all cases but rather they are bound by  ¦coercion at the hands of those in power (Crossman, p. 1). In other words,Read MorePersuasive Speech : Music Programs Should Be Kept Public Schools939 Words   |  4 PagesSpecific Purpose: To persuade my audience that music programs should be kept in public schools. Central Idea: The government should not cut music programs in public schools because they are beneficial to children, not only to their education, but also helps express themselves. Introduction I. Plato, a Greek philosopher once said â€Å"I would teach children music, physics, and philosophy; but most importantly music, for the patterns in music and all the arts are the keys to learning.† A. TheseRead MoreOver The Course Of The Past Few Months Since Trump Has984 Words   |  4 Pagesconstruction of the wall he had promised, and the travel ban. However, there is another proposal that is of even more impact than these, the budget proposal. Labeled as the â€Å"America First† budget plan it will no doubt have a substantial impact on the years to come. It is beyond the scope of this paper though, to discuss all areas in which the budget would have a profound effect. As such, two areas will be focused on. First, being the influence it will have on Health. 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The budget will be assessed on the three following criteria. †¢ The First Criterion: Is the budget equitable to all the areas of our economy? †¢ The Second Criteria: Is the budget equitable to the majority of Australian Citizens? †¢ TheRead MoreThe Impact Of Budget Cuts On Educational Institutions And Its Economic Effects1669 Words   |  7 Pagesbehind suicide terrorism, and overshadow my own misconceptions of this act that has shaken our world as we know it. Part I Through this part of my assignment I will take an etic perspective and examine the effects of budget cuts on educational institutions and its economic effects. There are countless differences in public education across the United States and how that particular institute is operated. Shapiro (2013) described this difference and stated â€Å"Public education is just that-a public

Organization Behavior for Strength Training and Conditioning

Question: Discuss about theOrganization Behavior for Strength Training and Conditioning. Answer: Stereotyping It is seen that a Stereotype is concerned with a general image that is taken into consideration by each and every person who showcase a specific type of thing. Personal characteristic of a person cannot be considered in stereotype. It can be evaluated that stereotypes can have both the aspects negative and positive also. The self-reliance of an individual is affected just because of the positive and negative aspects of the organization. It is seen that in organizations stereotyping can help the employees or the managers to conduct the activities of the organization in a way which is according to the preconceived notions. In stereotyping, there are various diversity factors like culture, religion, and age which contribute to the activities of the organization. When interaction is done with the employees, the managers of the company focuses more on stereotyping and considers those people who are from different background. It is considered by the managers so that no statement can be given which can give impact on the culture (Boehm and Kunze, 2015). The objective of the paper is to analyze the impact of stereotyping in the organization. Stereotyping is important to be taken into consideration so that behavior of the people can be analyzed in a proper manner. Also, demerits and merits will be elaborated by focusing on the organizational theories. The arguments which will be discussed in the paper are stereotyping has a negative impact on the recruitment process, stereotypes increase conflict of the employees in the workplace, Merits of stereotyping, Stereotyping impact on the performance and environment and Organization behavior theory that helps to reduce stereotyping. The first argument is stereotyping has a negative impact on the recruitment process. The demand of the employees to operate the activities of the organization is increasing. It is seen that nowadays that company emphasizes on recruiting the highly qualified employees so that in a smooth way the activities can be conducted. It is essential for the company to conduct the process of recruitment so that right candidate can be selected for the job. It is seen that at the time of conducting the recruitment process of stereotyping is considered then cannot be possible for the company to select the right candidates for the job. The operations in the company can be conducted with various people who belong from different culture and religion. The managers or the top management of the company should not focus on stereotypes so that workers who have different culture and religion cannot face any difficulty (Imai, Kanero and Masuda, 2016). If stereotyping is considered by the manager or the top m anagement then it can be difficult to retain the employees. Also, to retain the employees it is important that to focus on training and working environment so that growth can be enhanced by the company (Haff and Triplett, 2015). So, it is seen that stereotyping can also give impact on the overall recruitment process and also on the performance of the employees. The second argument is that stereotypes increase conflict of the employees in the workplace. By focusing on the scenario the present it is seen that management in the diversity helps the organization to enhance with the demand of the employees (Lu et al., 2015). If there is a misuse of stereotyping then it can affect the employees who are conducting their activities with efficiency (Li, Bagger and Cropanzano, 2017). So, the company should focus on diversity management so that performance can be enhanced and conflict can be minimized in the company. By considering diversity it is seen that company can easily try to increase the morale of the workers and through this positive impact can be seen in the activities (Downey et al., 2015). If diversity is there in the organization then it can also be possible for the company to achieve an overall competitive advantage in a proper manner. Also, with the diversity policies, the company can easily maintain equality between the workers of the c ompany (Hsiao, Auld and Ma, 2015). So, it is seen that diversity management should be considered by the company so that conflicts can be minimized in the workplace (Rudolph and Zacher, 2015). Merits of stereotyping are many that will be discussed in this phase. It is seen that it is beneficial for the top management as it assists to enhance positive relationships with the workers. It is also evaluated that when negative comments or workers are spoken to the employees then it can create a feeling of dissatisfaction (Prause and Mujtaba, 2015). It is also analyzed that when dealing is made with the different clients the stereotypes can assist the workers in analyzing the overall functions of the organization. Interaction with the employees can be done easily by having proper knowledge of culture and religion of the people. It is also seen that assurance is given to the managers that culture should be taken into consideration at the time of conducting the activities of the organization. Also, it is seen that if the employees of take the stereotyping too seriously then and make different comments then it can give negative impact on the overall activities of the company (Saxena , 2014). For instance: It is seen that individual focuses on the punctuality by comparing the competitors. Stereotypes help the top management to consider the information of each and every person so that employment discrimination can be minimized. Every person has some traits and it is essential that individual fit into the category of each stereotype. Top management focuses on relying on the stereotypes then there are many traits which are considered which are untrue. Next sentence on which discussion will be made is Stereotyping impact on the performance and environment. If the worker focuses on stereotypes then it is not possible to bring change in their belief and traits of a person. Stereotyping is important to be taken into consideration by the top management so that increase in the abuse and mistreatment in the organization can take place. If proper rules and regulations are not imposed on the workers for considering the stereotypes then it can make the negative environment in the company to conduct the activities on a routine basis. It increases the issues between the workers and the top management that affect the performance and profits of the company. It is also seen that one of the factors that can minimize stereotyping and enhance the performance of the employees is by creating teamwork in the company. It is also analyzed that teamwork should also be there so that performance can be enhanced by the employees. The impact so stereotyping can be minimized by considering teamwork of the employees (Korschun, Bhattacharya and Swain, 2014). Next sentence is related to the Organization behavior theory that helps to reduce stereotyping. It is seen that stereotyping should be minimized in the organization and no employee should carry the feeling. It is analyzed that the top management of the company feels difficult to enhance the motivation level of the employees. If proper motivation is not there in the employees then efficiency in the work cannot be achieved in a proper manner. So, one of the best theory that should be taken into consideration is Maslow theory that can help to reduce stereotyping and can enhance the motivation level of the employees. This theory focuses on the basic needs of the workers and helps to increase the motivation factor. It is important for the company to enhance the motivation of the workers (Nuttin, 2014). Maslow theory is also one of the motivation theories that help to enhance the productivity and also reduce stereotyping. In Maslow hierarchy theory there are five stages physiological, safety, belonging, esteem and self-actualization that should be considered by the managers. In physiological needs, the company should focus on offering basic needs like food and water. Next factor safety needs on which focus is given is a security of the resources, employment and health to the employees (Kian, Yusoff and Rajah, 2014). The managers of the organization should focus on enhancing the safety and belongingness needs of the workers. In love and belongingness need the focus should be given to friendship and family. In the esteem need the company should focus on confidence and achievement. In the last stage which is self-actualization, the company focuses on creativity and problem-solving. It is seen that if the managers of the company give emphasis on stereotyping then it is not possible to e nhance the satisfaction level of the employees. Also if the managers of the company are discriminating among the workers by emphasizing on stereotyping then it can give impact on the growth of the company. It can also be very difficult for the company to increase the overall motivation in an effective manner. It is analyzed that it is essential to take into consideration these actions so that stereotyping can be avoided in the organization. If these points are considered than it can help the company to be successful in the market. So it is analyzed in this paper that stereotyping assists the top management to ensure the gaps by interacting with the employees in a proper way. Stereotyping also gives effect on the motivation factor of the workers. References Boehm, S.A. and Kunze, F., 2015. Age diversity and age climate in the workplace. InAging workers and the employee-employer relationship(pp. 33-55). Springer, Cham. Downey, S.N., Werff, L., Thomas, K.M. and Plaut, V.C., 2015. The role of diversity practices and inclusion in promoting trust and employee engagement.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,45(1), pp.35-44. Haff, G.G. and Triplett, N.T. eds., 2015.Essentials of strength training and conditioning 4th edition. Human kinetics. Hsiao, A., Auld, C. and Ma, E., 2015. Perceived organizational diversity and employee behavior.International Journal of Hospitality Management,48, pp.102-112. Imai, M., Kanero, J. and Masuda, T., 2016. The relation between language, culture, and thought.Current Opinion in Psychology,8, pp.70-77. Kian, T.S., Yusoff, W.F.W. and Rajah, S., 2014. Job satisfaction and motivation: What are the difference among these two.European Journal of Business and Social Sciences,3(2), pp.94-102. Korschun, D., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Swain, S.D., 2014. Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees.Journal of Marketing,78(3), pp.20-37. Li, A., Bagger, J. and Cropanzano, R., 2017. The impact of stereotypes and supervisor perceptions of employee workfamily conflict on job performance ratings.human relations,70(1), pp.119-145. Lu, C.M., Chen, S.J., Huang, P.C. and Chien, J.C., 2015. Effect of diversity on human resource management and organizational performance.Journal of Business Research,68(4), pp.857-861. Nuttin, J., 2014.Future time perspective and motivation: Theory and research method. Psychology Press. Prause, D. and Mujtaba, B.G., 2015. Conflict management practices for diverse workplaces.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,6(3), p.13. Rudolph, C.W. and Zacher, H., 2015. Intergenerational perceptions and conflicts in multi-age and multigenerational work environments.Facing the challenges of a multi-age workforce: A use-inspired approach, pp.253-282. Saxena, A., 2014. Workforce diversity: A key to improve productivity.Procedia Economics and Finance,11, pp.76-85.

What is Stanford Business School Essay Essay Example

What is Stanford Business School Essay Paper Stanford Business School is one of the most prestigious and desirable school to study in. It is one of the seven professional schools of Stanford University. The school offers programs MBA, MSc (for people with work experience), Ph.D., as well as joint programs with schools of science, education, engineering, law, and medicine. Among the graduates of the school are CEO of General Motors Company — Mary Barra, billionaire Sid Bass, Time Warner president Jeffrey Bewkes, President and CEO of eBay — John Donoghue, founder of Nike — Phil Knight, co-founder of Capital One — Richard Fairbank and founder of Victorias Secret — Roy Raymond. At Stanford Graduate School of Business studied, but did not finish, US President John Kennedy. Thousands of applicants every year submit documents to the Stanford business school selection committee. However, obviously, not all of them will succeed. How to bypass competitors and become noticed in the whirlpool of applications? First of all, you should set up your goals. You should clearly understand what you are doing and why. Try to make a self-examination to comprehend your actual purposes. Most people do not achieve anything, because they have nothing to achieve. Have you noticed that hunters don’t go to the forest just to hunt? In a few days in advance, they clearly know who they want to shoot. Whether a bear, or a duck, or some other wild beast. To do this, they pick up special rifles, cartridges, choose the best place that will increase their chances of success. We need to apply the same strategy in business. Try to imagine the opportunities you will get applying Stanford, visualize your future, try to envision what will happen after earning your MBA. Think about your future business marketing plan. All these things will help you to see the light at the end of the tunnel. So, get to work — start writing. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Stanford Business School Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What is Stanford Business School Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What is Stanford Business School Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer How to make a successful essay in 2018 Question one is how to begin. The best way to start a Stanford MBA essay is to sit, abstract and start working. Don’t be nervous, anxiety and fear will only prevent you from impressive essays. Leave the worries to someone else. Try to use the essay as a deep self-examination to explain your decision and show your future plans. Try to tell your story, include things that matter exactly to you. Your essay can genuinely illustrate your ambitions and plans. Why do I need Stanford gsb MBA? You should primarily answer this question. Clear goals will convince the selection committee that you are ready to enter Stanford Business School. Young people usually have a tendency to idealize things around them. They have huge ambitions and quite often see the world through rose-tinted glasses. Use it as your power. Don’t be afraid of your own opinions, so many men, so many minds. Conversely, try to be fresh and new, show all your potential, express yourself. Don’t focus on someone’s else thoughts, develop your own ideas and critical thinking. Under no circumstances copy your essays! The most impressive essays are the most authentic. Resist the urge to put yourself into what you think Stanford wants to hear. Doing so will only keep the selection committee from understanding who you really are and what you hope to accomplish, it will hinder them to get to know you. Nowadays reality dictates the rules — novelty is in fashion. Business essay step by step The beginning of each essay plays a crucial role in a selection committee verdict. Inappropriate start of your Stanford essay will result to the denial of your application. First of all, think carefully, what you will be writing about. You have to answer 2 questions: â€Å"What matters most to you, and why?† and â€Å"Why Stanford?†. The first part of Stanfords essay is unique. No other business school will ask you this type of question. It is more like an application for a program on philosophy than an MBA. Here are some tips on how to answer it properly: 1.Do some deep self-examination, so you can genuinely illustrate who you are and how you came to be the person you are. Share the insights, experiences, and lessons that shaped your perspectives, rather than focusing merely on what you’ve done or accomplished. Write from the heart, and illustrate how a person, situation, or event has influenced you. Focus on the â€Å"why† rather than the â€Å"what.† The second question requires: Explain your decision to pursue graduate education in management. Explain the distinctive opportunities you will pursue at Stanford. If you are applying to both the MBA and MSx programs, use this part of the essay to address your interest in both programs. The properly structured essay can illustrate how well a person organized is and emphasize only positive sides of the applicant. The next step is to find a simple answer to essay questions. There is no need to reinvent the wheel. Try to sound like a confident person; self-doubt will only reveal that you feel like a fish out of water. Include your professional accomplishments, show yourself from the best side, avoid hesitance and doubts. Focusing merely on what you’ve already done will help you to move on. Don’t give up! Show what goals you will pursue and try to be precise and clear. Rather than focusing on your drawbacks, try to accentuate the advantages of your personality, academic and professional achievements. Stick to the suggested word count; there is no need to write too much; it will only distract the selection committee and make them bored. Preview the uploaded documents. As it is said, score twice before you cut once. Do not be lazy to check everything twice, be aware that this one document will determine your future. Stick to the application deadlines; you will need to be attentive and understand that you will need much time to prepare. For sure save a copy of your Stanford essays. In case of failure, you will have an opportunity to work on your mistakes and realize what exactly was done wrong. Then it will help you in building a business plan. When everything is behind, you will need to be patient and wait for your results. Why do we need a perfect essay Stanford MBA application can become the most important step towards a successful future. On this tipping point, you should put yourself together and begin to work. Stanford MBA program is really complicated and challenging. Consider whether you are ready? Ask your friends to help you to realize if you are capable of doing this. It will enable to avoid self-delusion. Nevertheless, believe in yourself! Friends and family should become reliable support, but don’t allow them to edit or give feedback to your essays, entrust this part to the professionals. We will help you to realize, how to succeed and tell you everything that you need to know. Visit paperap.com or help and advice, and we will do our job at the highest level.

Daphnia Lab Report Essays

Daphnia Lab Report Essays Daphnia Lab Report Paper Daphnia Lab Report Paper A pipette was used to place the Daphnia with water on a glass slide. The slide was then placed under a glass microscope to be observed for the experiment. A tally counter was used to count the heart rates of the Daphnia when it was placed in warm water, under ice and in epinephrine. RESULTS When we experimented what the effect temperature has on the Daphnia heart ate, we started with an average control of 64 beats in 15 seconds. After placing the Daphnia in warm water the average heart rate went up to an average of 72 beats in 15 seconds, with an average increase of 12. 5%. When we placed the Daphnia over ice the average heart rate decreased to an average of 43 beats in 15 seconds, with an average decrease of 33%. When we experimented what the effect of epinephrine has on the Daphnia heart rate, we started with an average control of 73 beats in 15 seconds before adding epinephrine. When he epinephrine was added to our experiment the average heart rate increased to 83 beats in 15 seconds. , with an average of 14%. After the epinephrine was diluted from the slide the average heart rate returned to an average of 78 beats in 15 seconds, with a decrease of 7% from the heart rate with epinephrine. DISCUSSION After putting the Daphnia in warm water the average heart rate increased by 12. 5%. The average heart rate then decreased by 33% in cold water. This is because they are cold-blooded animals; therefore they cannot go through harmoniousness. Their body temperature rises and falls, along with its heart rate, depending on the environment theyre exposed to. After applying the epinephrine the heart rate shot up by 14% and decreased after being diluted in water by 7%. Epinephrine is adrenaline. On any animal adrenaline makes the heart rate go faster which brings us to our results. CONCLUSION With this experiment we saw the effects of temperature and epinephrine on a Daphnia heart rate. All three of my hypotheses were proved correct.

Post-War European Films and the Concept of Auteur Essay

Post-War European Films and the Concept of Auteur - Essay Example The essay "Post-War European Films and the Concept of Auteur" describes the concept of the 'auteur', especially in the context of post-war European cinema, from the films of the Spanish director Almodovar. The paper also focuses on the different themes that can be found in the works of Almodovar, in order to explain why the 'auteur' is now an important part of contemporary European cinema. There have been a lot of developments in European cinema since the Second World War ended. Some of the filmmakers in Europe actually experimented with new ideas and concepts on how to make films, as well as on the very technique and purpose of filmmaking in itself. Some filmmakers experimented on social realism, while some also experimented in making magical realist, existentialist, psychological, and symbolic films. However, there is one particular development on post-war filmmaking in Europe that has caught the attention of the researcher, and this is the concept of 'auteur'. In fact, many popular European filmmakers are actually categorized by scholars of film studies as an example of an auteur, and one of the most famous is the Spanish director and filmmaker Pedro Almodovar, the director of the films â€Å"Matador,† â€Å"Hable con Ella,† and â€Å"Volver†. In order to explain the importance of the concept of the â€Å"auteur† in European cinema, it is important first to define this concept, especially in the context of post-war filmmaking in Europe. The word auteur is actually a French word, this word actually means the 'author'.... According to film scholars, the concept of the auteur actually refers to the original idea of the French filmmaker Francois Truffaut (1932-1984), who in his manifesto â€Å"The Policy of Auteurs,† declared that â€Å"Cinema as an art made by a filmic artist and not by a writer,† wherein the filmic artist, or the filmmaker, is actually the auteur (â€Å"Truffaut’s manifesto: La Politique des Auteurs† n. p.). In this case, then, the concept of the auteur actually emphasizes the role of the filmmaker (or the director in that case), in the creation of the film itself, wherein the film is actually a creative product of the auteur (the filmmaker); also, it then follows that films actually represent the filmmakers actual creative vision (â€Å"Truffaut’s manifesto: La Politique des Auteurs† n. p.). In this case, in the treatise of Truffaut, he actually argues that despite the involvement of film in an industrial or commercial process, wherein elemen ts of the studio may heavily determine the outcome of the film; but the theory of auteur still actually holds that the creative voice (or the creative elements) of the film still actually shines out, and this come from the artistic and creative viewpoint of the auteur (â€Å"Truffaut’s manifesto: La Politique des Auteurs† n. p.). In this case, the theory of â€Å"auteurism† actually came out from this concept, wherein films can actually be analyzed or understood according to the different characteristics and themes of the auteur, and wherein common themes of the auteur can actually be identified with his works (â€Å"Truffaut’s manifesto: La Politique des Auteurs† n. p.). In fact, the concept of the auteur actually contributed much to the development of post

K Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

K - Assignment Example Hence, it ought to have a somehow general title but still emphasizing on its capability that differentiates with other hybrids. For instance, â€Å"Ford Fiesta is now higher by 40 Highway miles and comfort than the same hybrid cars.† The illustration is quite catchy and as somehow targets the youth populace. The color used is favorable to both sexes. The green color is a shouting choice to many thus being effective as it attracts the attention of the readers. The fuel gauge has also been illustrated and it exemplifies FF is quite economical based on fuel consumption. The limitation evident in the illustration is that the interior design of the FF was not shown. It would have enhanced the effectiveness of the ad. FF stands out amongst other hybrids of its level because of the thoughtful engineering touch. This message is evident in the body and it has added strength to the advert for it motivates clients to find out more about the FF where the body copy mentions the vehicle minimizes fuel consumption. This is true since it has a fuel consumption of up to 65.7mpg, which is low thus the car is more efficient considering it can cover many miles. To add on, it has an effective 1.0-liter 3 cylinder class-leading petrol engine, hence does not compromise matters of performance and power while ensuring that it economizes on fuel. The only limitation is that the body leaves out critical information about FF such as those on safety. The design of FF is quite spectacular for it has a stylish design both outside and inside. The headlamps outside are sleek and the tailamps at the rear hatch beautifully sculpted. The illustration has succeeded in indicating the outside design of the FF but has left out the interior. The ad is effective starting from the choice of headline. The headline is bound to attract the attention of the readers. The color of the illustration is also one that will attract

Motivation to Help Essay Example for Free

Motivation to Help Essay This paper discusses the social psychological perspective on helping. It tackles the factors that lead people to help other people and the theoretical basis on such actions. It also includes a reflection on the altruistic property in helping. Motivation to Help The murder of Kitty Genovese in 1964 as one of the most disturbing cases where almost 40 people were witnesses but none of them called the police in time to rescue her. This baffled social psychologists as to how this was possible. The result of their investigation was the formation of the concept of the Genovese Syndrome. This condition is theorized to exist on certain emergency situations where people encounter a diffusion of responsibility. This was because of the notion that there will be someone who will carry out the responsibility (Alex, 2008). On a personal account, an example of this behavior was observed in the sidewalk near a well-known shopping center. A lady, approximately aged 50 years was walking on the nearly crowded pavement when two men riding a motorcycle snatched her bag. It was not easily taken from her since she tried to defend herself and her belongings. The struggle made the two men shoot the lady until she was down on the sidewalk. The initial reaction of the people there was to run away from the scene. When the two men quickly left, the people slowly went towards the lady. Nobody helped until the lady screamed in pain. There are a number of factors that have resulted to the lack of responsiveness of the people on the victim. One of which is the bystander effect. Since there are more people in the area, the responsibility of helping the victim is divided among them. Each of these people had two choices of whether they should act or wait for someone to do it. Thus, the more people there are in the area means that people feel less obligated (â€Å"The Bystander Effect†, n. d. ). Also, the scream of the lady may have somehow alarmed the people around her, which may have motivated the some people to finally help her. Basically, there are five steps to helping or prosocial behavior. First of all, in order to help, there must be a realization that something is happening. It must also be interpreted as an emergency. The person who is to help must also feel the responsibility towards the situation. He must also know how he is going to help. Finally, the costs of helping are also assessed (Stocker, n. d. ). In this particular scenario, the five steps were evident. Although the initial reaction was to run because of the gun shot, people did realize that it was an emergency situation. However, because there were a lot of people, they did not have much responsibility for the situation because of the assumption that someone will act. When the lady screamed and the two men left, it was the time when someone helped, knowing that the costs are already low and it was no longer dangerous. There are many theories which explain why people are motivated to help. However, the most widely accepted theory on the subject is the theory of Victor Vroom, known as the expectancy theory. This simply states that people are motivated to help because they are expecting something in return such as a reward, or a good performance appraisal (Shah, n. d. ). Based on this theory, the act of helping may not be truly altruistic because of the tendency to expect for something in return. If the one helping does not want anything as a reward, it may be because of other outside factors such as his social image, religion, or the dictate of the society. Nevertheless, additional helped could have been offered in the situation, knowing the there were a lot of people in the situation. If all of them felt responsible for the incident, it is most likely that the crime would have been prevented. References Alex. (2008, February 13). The Genovese Syndrome: When Nobody Helps. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Neatorama: http://www. neatorama. com/2008/02/13/the-genovese-syndrome-when-nobody-helps/ Shah, K. , Shah, P. (n. d. ). Theories of Motivation. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Laynetworks: http://www. laynetworks. com/Theories-of-Motivation. html# Stocker, S. (n. d. ). Social Psychology. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from http://webcache. googleusercontent. com/search? q=cache:P4aNe4_DzhsJ:www. spsp. org/student/intro/ppt/myers15. ppt+five+steps+to+prosocial+behaviorcd=4hl=enct=clnkgl=ph The Bystander Effect. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Changing Minds: http://changingminds. org/explanations/theories/bystander_effect. htm